Circuit Judge Alfred T. Goodwin said this wasn't an easy decision to make, "Well right before we ruled that the Pledge of Allegiance was unconstitutional, the lawyer for the defense pointed out that the Constitution has the phrase "year of our Lord" in it. I was tempted to call him a liar right then and there but since I'd never read the Constitution before, I thought I'd better check it out first. You can't imagine how shocked and disappointed I was to find out that the Constitution violated itself. That's when I knew I had to overturn it."