A compiler is necessary to make your source code
(..c, .cpp, or .cc files) into a running program.
Compiler terminology
Compile Colloquially, to convert a source code file into an
executable, but strictly speaking, compilation is an intermediate step
Link The act of taking compiled code and turning it into an
executable
Build A build refers to the process of creating the end executable
(what is often colloquially refered to as compilation). Tools exits to help
reduce the complexity of the build process--makefiles, for instance.
Compiler Generally, compiler refers to both a compiler and a
"linker"
Linker The program that generates the executable by linking
IDEIntegrated Development Environment, a
combination of a text editor and a compiler, such
that you can compile and run your programs directly within the IDE. IDEs
usually have facilities to help you quickly jump to compiler errors.